Countable and Uncountable Nouns

COUNTABLE NOUNS

Countable nouns are for things we can count using numbers. They have a singular and a plural form. The singular form can use the determiner "a" or "an". If you want to ask about the quantity of a countable noun, you ask "How many?" combined with the plural countable noun. 

Singular	Plural
one dog	two dogs
one horse	two horses
one man	two men
one idea	two ideas
one shop	two shops

Examples

• She has three dogs.
• I own a house.
• I would like two books please.
• How many friends do you have?

UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

Uncountable nouns are for the things that we cannot count with numbers. They may be the names for abstract ideas or qualities or for physical objects that are too small or too amorphous to be counted (liquids, powders, gases, etc.). Uncountable nouns are used with a singular verb. They usually do not have a plural form.

Examples

• tea
• sugar
• water
• air
• rice
• knowledge
• beauty
• anger
• fear
• love
• money
• research
• safety
• evidence

We cannot use a/an with these nouns. To express a quantity of an uncountable noun, use a word or expression like some, a lot of, much, a bit of, a great deal of , or else use an exact measurement like a cup of, a bag of, 1kg of, 1L of, a handful of, a pinch of, an hour of, a day of. If you want to ask about the quantity of an uncountable noun, you ask "How much?"

Examples

• There has been a lot of research into the causes of this disease.
• He gave me a great deal of advice before my interview.
• Can you give me some information about uncountable nouns?
• He did not have much sugar left.
• Measure 1 cup of water, 300g of flour, and 1 teaspoon of salt.
• How much rice do you want?

SUMBER :

https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/grammar-reference/countable-uncountable-nouns-1

http://www.edufind.com/english-grammar/countable-and-uncountable-nouns/

Sentence Pattern : Subject, Verb, Complement, Modifier

A Sentence is the basis for intelligible communication in the English language . Sentence Pattern is sentences are made up of at least two of these four basic parts : subject, verbs, complement, and modifier.

SUBJECT

is the agent of sentence in the active voice (agen dari suatu kalimat dalam bentuk aktif)

contoh :

• I explain how to study English
• She listens to my explanation
• They didn’t understand that language

VERB

Verb is the action of a sentence (aksi atau perbuatan pada suatu kalimat) Verb phrase: gabungan antara auxilaries dengan main verb (kata kerja utama)

contoh:                           

• I am learning English (am = auxilary, learning = main verb)
• My brother is very clever
• She has gone home (has = auxilary, gone = main verb)
• I have been waiting here (have been = auxilary, waiting = main verb)

 COMPLEMENT

Biasanya berupa noun (kata benda) atau noun phrase (frasa kata benda) biasanya terdapat setelah verb pada kalimat aktif complement menjawab pertanyaan what (apa) atau siapa (whom)

contoh:

• Sarijon bought a cake yesterday
• What did Sarijon buy yesterday?  –> a cake.
• He saw Tony at the movie
• Whom did he see at the movie? –> Tony
• I explain pharmacology to my students
• What do I explain to my students? –> pharmacology

  MODIFIER

Modifier menjelaskan time (waktu), place (tempat), atau manner (cara) dari sebuah aksi atau perbuatan. Bentuk yang paling umum dari modifier adalah prepositional phrase (kelompok kata yang dimulai dengan sebuah preposition dan diakhiri dengan sebuah noun Preposition = on, out, under, behind, etc… Modifier menjawab pertanyaan when (kapan), where (dimana), atau how (bagaimana)

contoh:

• John bought a book at a book fair
• Where did John buy a book? –> at a book fair
• She is driving very fast
• How is she driving? –> very fast
• I posted my application yesterday
• When do I post my application? –> yesterday

Sumber : https://yorijuly14.wordpress.com/2010/03/18/struktur-kalimat-bahasa-inggris/

https://reniashellyana.wordpress.com/2015/03/17/subject-verb-complement-modifier/